A fast and simple method for the visual enhancement of microcalcifications in digital mammograms based on mathematical morphology

A fast and simple method for the visual enhancement of small bright details in digital mammograms based on mathematical morphology is proposed. By a proper choice of the shape and size of the structuring element, an algorithm for a particular processing task - in this case, for the visual enhancement of microcalcifications in digital mammograms - was designed. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm was tested on publicly available mammograms from the mammographic image analysis society database. In all tested cases (23 mammograms), the proposed method successfully segmented and enhanced the existing microcalcifications, independently verified by medical experts. The proposed procedure may be used both as a visual aid in clinical mammogram analysis or as a preprocessing step for further processing, such as segmentation, classification and detection of microcalcifications. Moreover, the algorithm is very fast and robust, thus applicable to real-time mammogram processing

Visual enhancement of microcalcifications and masses in digital mammograms using modified multifractal analysis

Microcalcifications and masses, as breast tissue anomalies (deviations from observed background regularity), may be viewed as statistically rare occurrences in a mammogram image. After recognizing their principal common features - bright image parts not belonging to the surrounding tissue, with significant local contrast just around the edges - several modifications to multifractal image analysis have been introduced. Starting from a mammogram image, the proposed method creates corresponding multifractal images. Additional post-processing, based on mathematical morphology, refines the procedure by selecting and outlining only regions with possible microcalcifications and masses. The proposed method was tested through referent mammograms from the MiniMIAS database. In all cases involving the said database, the method has successfully enhanced declared anomalies: microcalcifications and masses. The results obtained have shown that the described procedure may provide visual assistance to radiologists in clinical mammogram examinations or be used as a preprocessing step for further mammogram processing, such as segmentation, classification, and automatic detection of suspected bright breast tissue lesions

Enhancement of microcalcifications in digitized mammograms: Multifractal and mathematical morphology approach

Prikazana su dva metoda isticanja mikrokalcifikacija u digitalnim mamogramima. Prvi metod zasnovan je na multifraktalnoj analizi digitalne slike, a drugi na primeni moderne matematičke morfologije. U multifraktalnom pristupu kreiraju se multifraktalne 'slike' izvornog mamograma, na osnovu kojih se dalje interaktivno bira nivo segmentacije detalja. Drugi metod, pogodnom kombinacijom morfoloških operacija, povećava lokalni kontrast uz snažno potiskivanje pozadinske teksture, nezavisno od radiološke gustine tkiva dojke. Iterativnim postupkom morfološki metod visoko ističe samo male detalje sjajnije od okolnog tkiva, potencijalne mikrokalcifikacije. Interaktivni pristup kod oba metoda omogućava radiologu da kontroliše nivo izdvajanja detalja. Predloženi metodi su testirani na referentnim mamogramima iz miniMIAS baze i iz kliničke prakse.Two methods for enhancing the microcalcifications in digitized mammograms are under consideration. First method is based on multifractal approach, and second on modern mathematical morphology. In multifractal approach, from initial mammogram image, a corresponding multifractal 'images' are created, from which a radiologist has a freedom to change the level of segmentation in an interactive manner. The second method, using an appropriate combination of some morphological operations, enables high local contrast enhancement, followed by significant suppression of background tissue, irrespective of the radiology density of the tissue. By iterative procedure this method highly emphasizes only small bright details, possible microcalcifications. The interactive approach enables the physician to control the level of segmentation. Suggested methods were tested through referent mammograms from MiniMIAS database and from clinical praxis mammograms

Detection of chemical vapors using oscillator with Surface Acoustic Wave

Senzori sa površinskim akustičkim talasima (PAT) ispoljavaju superiornu osetljivost pri detekciji hemijskih agenasa. Zbog nepostojanja pokretnih delova i izrade kompatibilne sa modernim tehnologijama, PAT hemijski senzori su veoma pouzdani. Senzor je modelovan kao dvoportni uređaj čiji su delovi predstavljeni ekvivalentnim kolima. Izračunata je promena izlazne frekvencije u funkciji koncentracije gasa. Projektovano je oscilatorno kolo sa PAT senzorom u grani povratne sprege. PAT senzor se koristi za modifikovanje frekvencije oscilacija. Prisustvo hemijskih isparenja se onda direktno detektuje praćenjem ovog frekvencijskog pomaka.Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors demonstrate superior sensitivity in detection of chemical agents. Due to their solid state design and fabrication compatible with modern technologies, SAW chemical sensors are extremely reliable. The sensor is modeled as a two-port device with parts represented by equivalent circuits. Change of output frequency as a function of vapor concentration is calculated. The oscillator circuit with SAW sensor in the feedback loop is designed. The SAW sensor is used for modifying the oscillator frequency. The presence of chemical vapor is then detected by monitoring this frequency shift

Detection of chemical vapors using oscillator with Surface Acoustic Wave

Senzori sa površinskim akustičkim talasima (PAT) ispoljavaju superiornu osetljivost pri detekciji hemijskih agenasa. Zbog nepostojanja pokretnih delova i izrade kompatibilne sa modernim tehnologijama, PAT hemijski senzori su veoma pouzdani. Senzor je modelovan kao dvoportni uređaj čiji su delovi predstavljeni ekvivalentnim kolima. Izračunata je promena izlazne frekvencije u funkciji koncentracije gasa. Projektovano je oscilatorno kolo sa PAT senzorom u grani povratne sprege. PAT senzor se koristi za modifikovanje frekvencije oscilacija. Prisustvo hemijskih isparenja se onda direktno detektuje praćenjem ovog frekvencijskog pomaka.Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors demonstrate superior sensitivity in detection of chemical agents. Due to their solid state design and fabrication compatible with modern technologies, SAW chemical sensors are extremely reliable. The sensor is modeled as a two-port device with parts represented by equivalent circuits. Change of output frequency as a function of vapor concentration is calculated. The oscillator circuit with SAW sensor in the feedback loop is designed. The SAW sensor is used for modifying the oscillator frequency. The presence of chemical vapor is then detected by monitoring this frequency shift

Computer aided system for segmentation and visualization of microcalcifications in digital mammograms.

Two methods for segmentation and visualization of microcalcifications in digital or digitized mammograms are described. First method is based on modern mathematical morphology, while the second one uses the multifractal approach. In the first method, by using an appropriate combination of some morphological operations, high local contrast enhancement, followed by significant suppression of background tissue, irrespective of its radiology density, is obtained. By iterative procedure, this method highly emphasizes only small bright details, possible microcalcifications. In a multifractal approach, from initial mammogram image, a corresponding multifractal "images" are created, from which a radiologist has a freedom to change the level of segmentation. An appropriate user friendly computer aided visualization (CAV) system with embedded two methods is realized. The interactive approach enables the physician to control the level and the quality of segmentation. Suggested methods were tested through mammograms from MIAS database as a gold standard, and from clinical praxis, using digitized films and digital images from full field digital mammograph

Computer aided system for segmentation and visualization of microcalcifications in digital mammograms

Two methods for segmentation and visualization of microcalcifications in digital or digitized mammograms are described. First method is based on modern mathematical morphology, while the second one uses the multifractal approach. In the first method, by using an appropriate combination of some morphological operations, high local contrast enhancement, followed by significant suppression of background tissue, irrespective of its radiology density, is obtained. By iterative procedure, this method highly emphasizes only small bright details, possible microcalcifications. In a multifractal approach, from initial mammogram image, a corresponding multifractal "images" are created, from which a radiologist has a freedom to change the level of segmentation. An appropriate user friendly computer aided visualization (CAV) system with embedded two methods is realized. The interactive approach enables the physician to control the level and the quality of segmentation. Suggested methods were tested through mammograms from MIAS database as a gold standard, and from clinical praxis, using digitized films and digital images from full field digital mammograph

Influence of electromagnetic and nuclear radiation in medicine for therapy and diagnosis through processes, facts and statistical analysis

Contemporary medicine (biomedicine) cannot be imagined without diagnostics and therapeutic methods based on nuclear, laser, acoustical and other processes. The application of these methods is linked to common computer support, signal processing, measuring monitoring techniques, high degree of automatization, and image analyses. The paper analysed contemporary technical issues related to neonatology, ophthalmology, based on the influence of nuclear radiation and laser beams. Some statistical processing and presentations of results obtained in the IGA KCS Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, in curing vision of prenatal type new-borns with a different degree of pathological state of retinopathy of prematurity are presented. The general conclusion is that, in spite of the good results, a multidisciplinary approach is needed for a deeper understanding of the role of lasers and laser techniques in medicine as well as possible couplings. Potential new applications of lasers important for the fields of neonatology and ophthalmology were also considered

The determination of the mean value of the non-homogenous background radiation and the measurement uncertainty using welch-satterthwaite equation

In this paper, the procedure for determination of the mean value of non-homogenous background radiation and the expression of measurement uncertainty is considered. The background radiation is described using the Student's distribution, and the measurement uncertainty using the Welch-Satterthwaite equation. The proposed algorithm was experimentally verified under well-controlled laboratory conditions and satisfactory results were obtained

Influence of external magnetic field on the electrolytic hydrogen evolution on different cathode materials

The correlation between magnetic properties of cathodic materials on the evolution of hydrogen and the separation factor was found. The cathodes were pure Ni and cathodes with the electrocatalytic coatings of following compositions: Ni-Mo (70- 30%), Ni-V (70-30%), Co-Mo (70-30%) and Fe-Mo (60-40%), on Ni substrate. The electrolyte is standard electrolyte (30% KOH) and electrolyte activated with Co-complex [1].Physical chemistry 2008 : 9th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 24-28 September 200